Animal spirits is the term John Maynard Keynes used in his 1936 book The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money to describe the instincts , proclivities and emotions that ostensibly influence and guide human behavior , and which can be measured in terms of, for example, consumer confidence . It has since been argued that trust is also included in or produced by "animal spirits". image credit to en.wikipedia.org Even apart from the instability due to speculation , there is the instability due to the c haracteristic of human nature that a large proportion of our positive activities depend on spontaneous optimism rather than mathematical expectations, whether moral or hedonistic or economic. Most, probably, of our decisions to do something positive, the full consequences of which will be drawn out over many days to come, can only be taken as the result of animal spirits—...